New Delhi, Dec 27 (PTI) Former prime minister Manmohan Singh, who ushered in an era of transparency, accountability and democratic empowerment with the implementation of the Right to Information Act, was a little “uncertain about its impact” on government functioning, but was committed to the idea of “accountability and transparency”, RTI activists and former information commissioners said.
Singh, a two-term Prime Minister who passed away at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) here on Thursday at the age of 92, implemented the RTI Act in 2005.
The Act gave citizens the power to seek information from the government for a payment of Rs 10, ending decades of secrecy in government functioning.
“He told me he was a little uncertain about the impact of RTI on government functioning. Normal scenes of bureaucracy. He was a true bureaucrat who understood the importance of secrecy in the government. So he was a little apprehensive, but he was committed to the idea of accountability and transparency,” the country’s first chief information commissioner, Wajahat Habibullah, told PTI.
He said Singh was certain that the Central Information Commission (CIC) should be led by a person from the civil service for the simple reason that he would understand the functioning of the government and know what kind of information can be disclosed and what should be withheld.
Habibullah said there were agreements and disagreements, but Singh was unflinching in his commitment to accountability and transparency.
Aruna Roy, a bureaucrat-turned activist who was one of the key figures in shaping the RTI Act, said the statute would probably be counted as one of the most important ones because it caused a fundamental shift in the citizens’ relationship with the State.
“In our many interactions with Dr Manmohan Singh on many of the legislations, including the RTI, he was always engaged and forthright about being committed to bringing in an era of transparency in India. He was diffident about having a provision for penalties against bureaucrats not complying, with an argument that the law was enough of a shock and a shift away from the prevailing culture of secrecy, and he was concerned about the bureaucracy having to face too much pressure. Nevertheless, finally, the law did have penalties — although in a weakened form,” she said.
Roy said irrespective of Singh’s apprehensions, the Prime Minister’s Office during his tenure was one of the best in replying to RTI applications and complying with the Act’s requirements.
“His government initiated social audits in MGNREGA and was aware that transparency was an essential prerequisite to the more effective functioning of social sector legislations with a vast canvas, such as the employment guarantee, the right to food, the right to education and the forest rights Act. There can be no doubt that these landmark legislations empowered the citizens to realise their rights through transparency and RTI,” she said.
Roy said by passing a strong RTI legislation, the UPA government brought in an era of consultation, deliberation and citizen monitoring, much needed in a democracy where the citizens’ participatory fora were restricted to a once-in-a-five-year vote.
“Manmohan Singh did an outstanding job by bringing in the RTI Act. We will eternally be grateful to Manmohan Singh for bringing in one of the best Acts in the world. And he implemented it with reasonable effort. In implementation also, he did a fairly reasonable job,” former information commissioner and RTI activist Shailesh Gandhi said.
Noted RTI activist Venkatesh Nayak said the Act was passed and implemented under Singh’s first tenure as the prime minister, even though he reportedly expressed misgivings about the breadth and scope of the proposed transparency law.
“It was also during his tenure that the first attempt was made to amend the Act to keep file-notings out of its ambit. However, the true believer in democracy that he was, the amendment proposal was never tabled in Parliament due to vocal opposition from the civil society and the media. It was shelved despite being approved by the cabinet,” he said.
Nayak said during his decade-long tenure as the prime minister, the largest number of guidance notes were issued to explain the details of the RTI Act for effective implementation as the Department of Personnel and Training was under his charge.
“Guidelines for implementing the proactive information disclosure scheme were issued in 2013 in two instalments. In 2023, the Supreme Court gave these guidelines its stamp of approval and made them enforceable,” he said.
Noted RTI activist Anjali Bharadwaj said the Act has initiated the vital task of redistributing power in a democratic framework.
“It is perhaps this paradigm shift in the locus of power that has resulted in repeated efforts by governments to weaken it. During Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s tenure, the government proposed several amendments to curtail the RTI Act, though they were never pushed through in the face of resistance by citizens,” she said. PTI ABS RC
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